Callao is Peru’s only constitutional province, located along the Pacific coast and directly adjacent to Lima, the nation’s capital. As Peru’s largest and most important seaport, it serves as a major gateway for trade and tourism. The region is primarily urban, with coastal and maritime attractions playing a central role in its appeal.

Callao seamlessly combines history, culture, and coastal beauty, making it a unique destination for travelers. From exploring historic landmarks like Fortaleza Real Felipe to tasting fresh ceviche and witnessing the vibrant marine life of the Palomino Islands, this maritime province offers a wealth of experiences. With excellent transport connections to Lima and beyond, Callao is a must-visit for anyone exploring Peru.

Callao experiences a mild desert climate influenced by the Humboldt Current.

Temperature ranges from 15°C (59°F) in winter (June–September) to 25°C (77°F) in summer (December–March). High humidity throughout the year, often resulting in a coastal mist known as garúa during winter. Minimal, but light drizzles are common in winter.

The best time to visit Callao is during the summer months (December–March). This period is ideal for visiting Callao, as the weather is warmer and skies are clearer, making it perfect for enjoying the beaches and outdoor activities.

Learn more about Peru’s climate and weather.

Although urbanization dominates Callao, its coastal ecosystems support diverse marine life. The region is known for seaweed and other aquatic plants thrive in its coastal waters. The islands off the coast, such as the Palomino Islands, host populations of sea lions, Humboldt penguins, and a variety of seabirds, including pelicans, gulls, and cormorants. The waters teem with anchovies, mackerel, and other fish species important to local fishing industries.

Before the Conquest

Before Spanish arrival, the Callao area was inhabited by indigenous people linked to the Ichma culture, which later became part of the Inca Empire. This region was strategically important due to its proximity to the ocean, serving as a trade and fishing hub. The area provided key maritime access for the thriving Andean civilizations.

During the Conquest

Callao gained prominence during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the 16th century. Founded in 1537, Callao quickly became a critical seaport for Spain’s colonial ambitions, connecting South America to Europe. The port was pivotal for exporting gold and silver extracted from the Andes, making it a target for pirates and privateers.

Colonial Times

In the colonial era, Callao became one of the most important ports in the Americas. The construction of the Fortaleza Real Felipe in the 18th century was a direct response to the threat of pirate attacks. Callao also played a role in Peru’s fight for independence, with the port being both a battleground and a staging ground for liberation forces.

Modern Times

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Callao emerged as Peru’s most significant industrial and commercial hub. Its modern port remains essential for the country’s economy, handling the majority of maritime trade. Today, Callao is a vibrant mix of history, art, and culture, attracting tourists with its unique blend of colonial heritage and modern development.

Cultural and Historical Attractions in Callao:

  • Fortaleza Real Felipe
  • Callao Monumental
  • Naval Museum

Towns:

  • Callao City
  • La Punta District

Nature:

  • Palomino Islands
  • San Lorenzo Island
  • Cavillaca Island
  • Chucuito
  • Cantolao Beach and La Punta Beach

…

  • Ceviche: Peru’s national dish made from fresh fish marinated in lime juice, chili, and spices, served with corn and sweet potato. Callao’s ceviche is especially renowned due to the freshness of its fish.
  • Choritos a la Chalaca: A Callao specialty featuring mussels topped with a tangy mix of onions, tomatoes, lime, and Peruvian peppers.
  • Jalea Mixta: A crispy seafood platter with fried fish, squid, and shrimp, served with yucca and salsa criolla.
  • Tacu Tacu con Mariscos: A dish combining rice, beans, and a medley of fresh seafood in a rich sauce.
  • Pisco Sour: Peru’s iconic cocktail made from Pisco, lime juice, syrup, egg whites, and bitters.
  • Chicha Morada: A refreshing drink made from purple corn, flavored with pineapple, cinnamon, and cloves.

  • Feast of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (Fiesta de San Pedro y San Pablo): Celebrated on June 29, this event honors fishermen’s patron saint with processions, blessings of fishing boats, and coastal festivities.
  • Callao Anniversary: Marked on August 20, the day celebrates Callao’s history with parades, concerts, and traditional food fairs.
  • Carnaval Chalaco: A vibrant pre-Lenten celebration with colorful parades, music, and dances.
  • Maritime Celebrations: Callao’s festivals often center around its strong maritime heritage, reflecting the importance of the sea in its cultural identity.
  • Street Art and Urban Culture: The Callao Monumental district highlights the region’s modern artistic expressions, blending urban creativity with historical roots.

  • By Bus and Combi: Public buses and small vans (combis) connect Callao with Lima and surrounding districts. Routes frequently pass through key tourist attractions like La Punta and the port area.
  • By Taxi or Rideshare: Taxis and apps like Uber and Cabify are common and provide more direct and safer options for travelers unfamiliar with the area.
  • By Bicycle or Walking: Coastal areas like La Punta and Chucuito are ideal for walking or biking. Rental services are available for tourists seeking a leisurely exploration.
  • Boat Tours: Popular for visiting the Palomino Islands and other coastal attractions, with tours departing from the Callao Marina.

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